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Elliptical clause is a clause in which words have been left out, but the meaning remains clear to the reader.

A dangling modifier is a phrase or clause that is not clearly and logically related to the word or words it modifies (i.e. is placed next to). - A dangling modifier cannot be corrected by simply moving it to a different place in a sentence. - In most cases, the dangling modifier appears at the beginning of the sentence, although it can also come at the end. Sometimes the dangling modifier error occurs because the sentence fails to specify anything to which the modifier can refer. Example: Looking toward the west, funnel shaped cloud stirred up dust. This sentence does not specify who is looking toward the west. In fact, there is nothing at all in the sentence to which the modifying phrase looking toward the west can logically refer. Since the modifier, looking toward the west, is sitting next to the funnel shaped cloud, the sentence suggests that the cloud is doing the looking.

you can eliminate misplaced modifiers by placing an adjective or an adverb as close as possible to the word it modifies.

The state of being parallel or of corresponding in some way.

1. use a period 2. use a semicolon. 3. use a comma and a coordinating conjunction. 4. use a subordinating conjunction.

There are three main types of dependent clauses: relative, noun, and adverbial.

An infinitive phrase is the infinitive form of a verb plus any complements and modifiers.

It is a modifying phrase consisting of a preposition and its object

A gerund phrase is a phrase consisting of a gerund and any modifiers or objects associated with it. A gerund is a noun made from a verb root plus -ing.

Eight common types of phrases are: noun, verb, gerund, infinitive, appositive, participial,prepositional and absolute.